THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSCATHETER INTERVENTIONS IN STRUCTURAL CARDIOLOGY
Keywords:
Keywords: Transcatheter interventions; Structural cardiology; TAVR; TEER; Mitral valve; Tricuspid valve; Percutaneous cardiac procedures.Abstract
Abstract
Transcatheter structural heart interventions have transformed the management
of acquired and congenital cardiovascular disease. Initially developed as alternatives
for patients considered unsuitable for surgery, catheter-based procedures have evolved
into established treatments across a broad range of surgical-risk groups. Major
advances include transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), transcatheter edge-
to-edge repair (TEER), transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve replacement, left atrial
appendage occlusion, and closure of septal defects. This evolution has been driven by
improvements in prosthetic design, delivery systems, multimodality imaging, vascular
access, and clinical evidence from randomized trials. This review summarizes the
historical development of structural interventions, the expansion of TAVR and
atrioventricular valve therapies, enabling technologies, current limitations, and
emerging directions including artificial intelligence, advanced biomaterials, and earlier
intervention. Abstract
Transcatheter structural heart interventions have transformed the management
of acquired and congenital cardiovascular disease. Initially developed as alternatives
for patients considered unsuitable for surgery, catheter-based procedures have evolved
into established treatments across a broad range of surgical-risk groups. Major
advances include transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), transcatheter edge-
to-edge repair (TEER), transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve replacement, left atrial
appendage occlusion, and closure of septal defects. This evolution has been driven by
improvements in prosthetic design, delivery systems, multimodality imaging, vascular
access, and clinical evidence from randomized trials. This review summarizes the
historical development of structural interventions, the expansion of TAVR and
atrioventricular valve therapies, enabling technologies, current limitations, and
emerging directions including artificial intelligence, advanced biomaterials, and earlier
intervention.
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